Variety and Speech Community free essay sample

Diglossia is the connection between at least two systematized lingos that are utilized in a similar discourse network under various conditions. Diglossia is sorted into two significant trademarks, the (H) high capacity which is viewed as the unrivaled lingo that depends on a syntactic framework. It is formalized of rules, henceforth permitting considerations and thoughts to be communicated sensibly. In any case, the (L) work is associated with the normalized language of the discourse network. It is utilized to communicate thoughts and emotions near one’s contemplations. The (L) assortment is the primary lingo that is instructed to youngsters as the first language followed by the (H) assortment in schools. It is significant be that as it may, to have the option to recognize the setting where both the (H) and (L) assortments are utilized in any case the individual is viewed as a joke. Be that as it may, the capacity to utilize both the (H) and (L) assortments in a single discourse network is adequate as they can be utilized to supplement each other when utilized in the correct setting. We will compose a custom article test on Assortment and Speech Community or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A case of the (H) and (L) assortment is clear in the Arabic discourse network, the Arabs are required to utilize the (H) assortment for instruction, legislative issues and religion, as the (L) assortment isn't acknowledged in formal areas except if used to clarify the thoughts or ideas further. Therefore, diglossia plays a significant job inside explicit discourse networks; anyway it is clear that patterns of diglossia are constantly evolving. After some time the difference in patterns can result in the (H) capacity of tongue blurring because of the expansion utilization of the (L) assortment as the standard language. This can be tricky as the (H) assortment is associated with religion, writing and training. Also, the change between the (H) and (L) assortment of a language in various spaces can bring about learning challenges later on throughout everyday life.

Mea Culpa

Mea Culpa Mea Culpa Mea Culpa By Maeve Maddox The Latin articulation mea culpa is utilized as a contribution and as a thing. mea culpa contribution: a shout recognizing one’s blame or duty regarding a blunder. For instance: MOTHER: The trash is flooding! Child: Mea culpa! I’ll take it out the present moment. As a thing, a mea culpa is the affirmation of ones blame or obligation regarding a mistake and is regularly utilized as an equivalent word for conciliatory sentiment. Here are instances of this utilization: Not long before Guillen started his 45-minute mea culpathe Marlins declared he had been suspended for fiveâ games. Anthony Weiners passionate mea culpa: Will it be sufficient? Does McCain owe mea culpa to POWs MIAs? Hydro owes us a mea culpa. A statement of regret is â€Å"an affirmation of an offense with articulation of disappointment for it, by method of reparation.† Mea culpa as an equivalent word for conciliatory sentiment gets from its utilization in a Latin petition called â€Å"The Confiteor.† The Latin word confiteor implies, â€Å"I confess† or â€Å"I acknowledge.† In imploring, the petitioner rehashes the expression mea culpa, â€Å"through my own fault,† various occasions during the recitation of the supplication. A mistake with mea culpa happens when an essayist doesn’t comprehend its English importance. Here are instances of abuse: Annie gritted her teeth and lifted her hands quickly from the wheel inâ a mea culpa apologyâ to the angry driver of the cleaners van.- Novel distributed by Random House. Instead of from John Paul Culotta, The Progressive, a mea culpa statement of regret is expected from the deadbeats who steadfastly followed our torturer in boss to budgetary and human calamity.- News thing, The Wave (Rockaway, New York). Alpha Chi Omega President Megan Koelln gave a mea culpa statement of regret.- LA Weekly. In every model, the word statement of regret is excess. The main motivation to follow mea culpa with the word conciliatory sentiment would be with regards to discussing various types of statement of regret. Note: More frequently than not, the announcement being portrayed in the news as a mea culpa isn't a conciliatory sentiment by any stretch of the imagination, however a reason. pardon thing [eks-KYUS] : anything that legitimizes or palliates a shortcoming or imperfection. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterLatin Words and Expressions: All You Need to Know5 Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

A Financial Fairytale The Journey of the Saver and the Spender

A Financial Fairytale The Journey of the Saver and the Spender A Financial Fairytale: The Journey of the Saver and the Spender A Financial Fairytale: The Journey of the Saver and the SpenderGetting married is all about the merging of two lives into one, which typically includes finances. But when one of you is a spender and the other a saver, navigating your budget can be tricky.Marriage is all about compromise. And what they don’t tell you before saying “I do” is that one of the biggest hurdles in marriages is money. In fact, a study of 1,000 U.S. adults conducted by Ramsey Solutions, said the more consumer debt a couple has, the more likely they are to fight about finances.Whether it’s spending too much or saving too much, or anything in between, people have a lot of opinions about money. Those opinions are unlikely to change entirely, but how people handle their partner’s habits is something that can be handled with grace.Whether you’re the saver or the spender, or even if this divide isn’t a challenge in your partnership, there are terrific lessons to be learned in the art of compromise.Tal k it outThe first step to making a relationship work between a spender and a saver, just like any other compromise in life, is talking it out. Make sure you lay your cards on the table and be honest with both yourself and your partner. No one benefits if you aren’t brutally honest.Robert Taibbi, a licensed clinical social worker, wrote in a 2019 article for Psychology Today that there is often more to money worries than just the money side of things â€" it’s emotional too. It’s important to acknowledge the ways in which those concerns can spill into other areas of your life and address the conflicts as they arise instead of brushing them off as mere financial stress or lashing out when the going gets tough. Starting the conversation with a good attitude is key, he said, versus when you are tired or stressed. He also recommended the following:Imagine each of you are at a team meeting at your jobs. Come up with an agenda and plan ahead of time. Your goals are to stay in your rat ional brains rather than your emotional ones, not endlessly rail about the past, but move forward toward an agreeable mutual solution.Budget for the planned and unplannedA no-brainer to be sure, but budgeting is a major key to making a spender-saver marriage work. If the partners can’t agree to a budget and stick with the budget, then there isn’t much room for compromise or understanding. Not spending extra money before discussing it as a family unit is a great way to build up nest eggs or knock down debts.Two unrelated people are unlikely to have the exact same upbringing, so understand that there may be a disconnect between what you believe is the right financial decision and what your partner sees as the right decision. Budgeting (and spending for that matter) don’t come as second nature to some people, so it’s important to honor the budget, but also honor the person for sticking to it.When it comes to budgeting, it isn’t just about what each person or the household can spend, Taibbi said; it’s about recognizing that there is sacrifice being made on both sides.“If your philosophies are different, try and reach a middle ground,” he wrote, and go beyond just creating a budget for shared expenses. “Come up with a set amount for individual discretionary expenses. This helps the person who is more spontaneous not feel like he is locked into some financial cage, while the more anxious person knows there are limits on that is being spent.”Set visual cuesThe PF Geeks (Personal Finance Geeks) suggest using visual reminders to keep the motivation going strong. Having something to look at is a great way to remind yourself that you’re hitting the mini milestones on your way to the big ones.“Most spenders love the feeling of tangibility when it comes to money,” Rich at PF Geeks wrote. “My wife loves being able to hold, use, see, or take advantage of something that money has bought her. Every time she lights a candle she gets to enjoy that $8 purchase. She knows that our retirement accounts are growing, that our emergency fund is fully loaded, and that we are on track to buy a house. But none of those things feel real to her because she doesn’t see the progress.”PF Geeks suggest making visual reminders for certain goals such as:Student loan payoffCredit card debtRetirement accountsVacation fundEmergency fund progressAlways revisit your goalsMaking financial peace between yourself and your partner isn’t a “one-and-done” kind of situation. It’s important to always be working on your monetary success and enjoy ticking the goals off your list. That said, it’s also important to keep making new goals. As you reach milestones and check them off the list be sure to replace them with more attainable ones. This way you’ll stay on track, and you and your partner can have more peace of mind.Catharine at The Dating Divas wrote the following:  Just as important as setting the goals is reviewing the goals. I find that m y goal achievement plans need to be adjusted pretty consistently â€" either they were not realistic, or I’m not doing my part to achieve them like I should. My husband and I try to have a chat once a quarter about our goals, so we don’t lose sight of making our dreams happen.By always having goals to motivate you and the drive to talk things out honestly and openly, you’ll be one step closer to achieving the spender-saver happily ever after.Looking for more tips on compromising on a budget? Check out these articles below:The Comprehensive Couple’s Guide to BudgetingHow to Talk About Credit as a CoupleHow to Socialize While Paying Off DebtHow to Avoid Unbudgeted SpendingSeparate Your Wants From Your Needs

Cold War And Its Effect On The End Of War - 1139 Words

In 1945, right after the end of Second World War, cold war broke out. Cold war is the conflict about economic, political and ideology between the USA and the USSR. These countries made this world separated, especially within European countries, into two with super enormous power. In this essay, brief introduction of cold war and the most effective factor to contribute to the end of war will be analysed. When it comes back to the beginning of cold war, in 1946, the barrier which called Iron wall build between the Western countries and the Eastern European Countries. Through all series of this affair, these two power of groups threatened and spied with each other. In 1962, matter has reached the worst possible pass, it was The Cuban missile crisis. This affair brought the world on the brink of nuclear war. In 1970s, the movement called Dà ©tente accelerated to come to an end of cold war. Because of it, cold war seemed to gradually mark to an end. However, at the end of 1970s, the USSR started invading Afghanistan. In addition to that, the US parliament made a decision to reject the claim to restrain the amount of strategic arms, this is called the SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks). In 1980, Reagan came into the power as the US president, in his speech he criticized the USSR for â€Å"Evil Empire†. Those circumstances made things worse. Compared with the early time of con flict, the time between 1979 and 1986 is known as the second cold war, because the thing was getting worseShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War and Its Effect on The History of America Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages The Cold War was the ideological conflict between the two superpowers of the world, the democratic United States of America and the communist Soviet Union. For over fifty years the two superpowers fought each other indirectly for power and control of the world. The Cold War started after the end of the Second World War in 1945 when the eyes of both superpowers were no longer looking at Nazi Germany, but instead at each other and the fate of the rest of the world. The Cold War began after the SecondRead MoreEffects Of The Cold War On The World1572 Words   |  7 PagesNguyen The Cold War was a time of conflict that occurred somewhere around 1945 and 1990 although some International scholars held the thought that the Cold War began in 1917 Russian disclosure in any case, it was between the USA and its allies mostly the Western nations and the Eastern coalition led by the USSR however, the two forces did not battle or utilized weapons against one another, it was battled through Nuclear Arms race, intermediary wars, ideological impact and propaganda war and in thisRead MoreCauses And Effects Of The Cold War1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand Effects of the Cold War Richard Nixon once said of the Cold War that â€Å"the Cold War isn t thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn t sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting.†(www.brainyquote.com). An analysis of the Cold War between 1947-1991 reveals that the Cold War was caused by a difference in political ideals between the USA and the Soviet Union, the aftermath of WWII, and the â€Å"Iron Curtain† in Europe. Further analysis reveals the Cold War contributedRead MoreSignificance Of The Manhattan Project And Nuclear Threat On Australia And The War1636 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia and the War Sub-questions – - What was the Cold War? - Who were the inventers of the bomb? And what did they do after? - What was the significance of the bomb to the war and Australia? - The Expectation of the first Nuclear War - Nuclear Threat having impact on Australia? Word Count = 1191 What was the Cold War? The Cold War was the name of the relationship between the United States of America, and Post-1977 Russia after the end of World War II. The Cuban Missile crisis, Hungarian War, VietnamRead MoreDecolonization and Influence of the Cold War Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesInfluence of the Cold War The decades following World War II were all centered on the concept of decolonization, the dismantlement of Imperial empires established prior to World War I throughout Africa and Asia. Due to the aftermath of World War II, countries around the world experienced massive independent movements whose objective was to eliminate colonization and form new independent nations. The process of decolonization was separated by three different approaches: civil war, negotiated independenceRead MoreEssay on The Security and Protection of the State511 Words   |  3 PagesGeneral Viewpoint: There are differences found between the world during the Cold War and the present in terms of security challenges and issues faced by states when investigating the fine details of documents and actions but when retrospective on overall effect and our current global situation there are significant similarities can be found. Structure: Part One: Introduction and definition of key terms (e.g. New World Order) The security and protection of the state has fundamental always beenRead MoreEssay on The end of the Cold War, the Begining of the Nuclear Power805 Words   |  4 Pagespower shifted culture and consciousness of the people. The likelihood of a nuclear war was close, but far; this possibility was a terrifying suddenness. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki clearly portrayed the power of only two atomic bombs. The attack completely obliterated the two cities and killed millions of people. Although Japan’s surrender contributed to the Allies’ victory during World War II, the effects of the bomb were unforgettable. The use of these bombs also created controversy onRead MoreThe World During The Cold War Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesfound between the world during the Cold War and the present in terms of security challenges and issues faced by states when investigating the fine details of documents and actions but when retrospective on overall effect and our current glo bal situation there are significant similarities can be found. The security and protection of the state has fundamental always been a priority of importance for any government or organisation since the unforeseen end to the Cold War between Soviet Russia and the UnitedRead MoreRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfactor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events after the War which lead to renewed tensions betweenRead MorePolitical Climate of the 1970s Paper1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1970s for the United States of America was a time of recession, war and a world famous government scandal. The war in Vietnam left the people of the nation in disarray and turmoil. The government took a great deal of abuse from the people with the decisions made during the Vietnam War. President Nixon attempted different strategies than used before to end the Vietnam War with little success. The public’s image of the government was distorted when the Watergate Scandal was made public and Richard

Writing a Research Papers - Overview

Writing a Research Papers - Overview If you decide to get a research paper from our site, you're going to get a wide range of advantages. Our writers offer brand-new papers based on completely new data. There are a variety of sources you will be able to try, including the internet, libraries and sometimes interviews. You'll also wish to consider employing a literature overview. You can do research in a number of various ways. Nevertheless, when students ask how to compose a research paper there's set of steps that was shown to be effective and beneficial. One reason why students fail in their research papers is because of their carelessness to follow along with the directions. Religious is among the important academic coursework which students should undertake as a way to compete their learning task. When you are worried about writing research paper, it can cause you to be stressed and not to have the capacity to perform in the simplest way throughout different regions o f your life. Research is a task that no 2 people do the same manner. There's 1 answer to your research paper difficulties. White papers should help people make decisions, so it's critical to understand as much as possible about your audience so that you can concentrate on what's most meaningful to them. Although religion paper writing is an intriguing encounter, most students are not able to finish their work in time since they have other pursuits that they are supposed to cope with. Otherwise, you are likely wondering what you could do in order to acquire your research paper done in time and minimize your odds of failing the class. Deciding a topic ought to be performed at the first possible time to offer ample time for research. It's possible to simply purchase a research paper online and set an end to your struggles efficiently. The essay writing must be carried out in a well-planned and structured way. Our essay writing services will give you qualified writers who wil l offer you religion papers written in accordance with your field of specialization. You're going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and after you opt to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things will get even more exciting. To begin with, it's important for one to have a look at the type of writers that a writing company has. The Downside Risk of Writing a Research Papers Research paper writing is an enormous part of your academic requirements, which might snatch you of your opportunity to acquire your college diploma. It is crucial to not forget that the research paper is 1 medium of communication. Research paper guidelines also involve the usage of organizational introduction of information. It is a fundamental part of almost every profession. Don't be scared to click the order if you require just the perfect research paper. If you haven't ever written a research before, it's far better to get an expert support. Create guidelines of what you would like to do in your research. Since it's an outcome of research, all the facets of the research must reflect in the paper. A History of Writing a Research Papers Refuted On proofreading, it's beneficial to read the paper aloud. Proofreading is likewise an important portion of finalizing your paper, and finally aim to deliver the last paper a day or two before the deadline, so you have ample time for revision. It is almost always better to receive your paper proofread by others. A paper might have several appendices. Your paper demonstrates that the chicken was pushed. When you buy a pre-written paper, you aren't likely to find the opportunity to revise your paper. Since you are going to learn from looking through any fantastic research paper example, writing a wonderful paper involves so far more than simply throwing a lot of text and citations into a word processor and hoping for the very best. Utilize our help writing a paper and you won't regret. Whether you've got to create a paper of special flawlessness, just purchase an essay here and our writers will provide help. Often writing a research paper may be quite challenging. Additionally, there are sub topic guidelines about how to technically master the right writing style. A strong outline makes a road map which can be employed to continue to keep your topic and message on track. Topic One of the most difficult pieces of writing an excellent research paper in a practitioner discipline is the collection of a suitable topic. If you've got this kind of opportunity, pick an intriguing topic for you. Electronic submission of documents is getting more common as e-mail is used widely. 1 approach that will help you with writing a thesis statement is to produce an extremely short, research paper outline listing in sentence form the principal tips that you aspire to develop in order to demonstrate your thesis. If you would like fast and unique religion papers, speak to our company. The preliminary steps for preparing an oral presentation include an exhaustive choice of your clothing, which ought to be suitable for the occasion.

Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Free Essays

Running head: RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 1 Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Denyse Collins University of South Alabama RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Introduction There is great benefit and reward in returning to nursing school. Returning to nursing school has a positive, transformative, and life-changing effect. This essay will explore factors contributing to nurses returning to school, barriers that returning nursing students might face, 2 support required for successful completion, and my plan for a successful outcome in becoming a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. We will write a custom essay sample on Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discussion Nursing is a career that continues to demonstrate long-term demand. It can improve job security and provide long-term security. In some Oregon hospitals (I reside in the state of Oregon), the minimal educational requirements for Registered Nurses will soon be the Baccalaureate degree. Accordingly, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing recognizes the Bachelor of Science degree in nursing as the minimal educational requirement for professional nursing practice† (Blais Hayes, 2011, p. 4). Nurses returning to school learn more about the profession they’ve chosen. Delightfully, this may result in a change of perspectives of their previously conceived ideas of the meaning of nursing, the world around them, and themselves. Education enhances self-confidence and one’s sense of purpose. Being able to say, â€Å"I did it! † provides a great sense of accomplishment. In addition, returning to school helps one to improve computer skills, writing ability, and organizational skills. â€Å"Although RNs felt they returned to school as skilled, knowledgeable and professional practitioners, they reported growing beyond their expectations in areas of knowledge and professionalism, which they felt led the to become more effective change agents and patient advocates†(Orsolini-Hain, p. 1). RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 3 Finding the time to devote to school and studies is a major concern for nurses returning to school. Distance-based and on-line programs aren’t easier or less intensive than a traditional school setting. Managing time for study, work, family, self-care, and maintaining a home and garden, can be a real balancing act! Finding money for school may also complicate matters. There are several financial aid sources. Some of these are tuition reimbursement from employers, scholarships, and federal grants and loans. The adage â€Å"it takes a village,† can be (humorously), applied to the support one needs to be successful, in returning to, and completing school. While it is not a requirement of success, having the support of family, friends, professors, and classmates, greatly enhances the educational experience and creates comfort and ease during times of stress. My personal plan for success in completing the Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner program includes time management and organization in regard to study and preparation, becoming proficient in computer skills as an on-line learner, maintaining self-care, and continuing to take pleasure in the process of returning to school. Conclusion The benefits of returning to school, for a higher nursing degree, are enormous. They are both tangible and intangible. One can improve their status in the job market, attain greater degrees of autonomy, and experience the thrill of knowing one has achieved their dream. Furthering one’s nursing education enhances one’s career and nourishes a sense of self-worth and purpose. The end result is enhanced quality of life for one’s self and one’s nursing practice, which in turn, benefits others, and ultimately makes the world a little better place. RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 4 RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE References Blais, K. K. , Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Orsolini-Hain, L. (2008). What’s all the Fuss? Working towards a Baccalaureate or Graduate Degree in Nursing. Retrieved from http://www. nsna. org/careercenter/fuss. aspx 5 How to cite Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, Essay examples

Management and Maintenance of Employees free essay sample

It is important to inform all workers of a clear and direct manner about their expectations. When it is assigned a project, to be 100 percent sure that when the due date arrives, it will be done without leaving any uncertainty. Get the help of a reliable colleague and make sure that he spends sufficient time evaluating the way in which the employee works. It is necessary to ask the colleague to take notes regarding time management. The more is known about the employee, it will be easier to solve the problem.Communicate with Heather in private to discuss her concerns with respect to the slow way of performance, Offer her the deadlines of time to complete any task, for example, telling her that the average worker in the office takes 20 minutes to organize a while she takes 45 minutes to do it; Address any concerns about her working techniques. For example, if she spends too much time talking on the phone, to inform her that it is not acceptable. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Maintenance of Employees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reach concrete solutions to help her increase the productivity. For example, tell her that she cannot spend more than 15 minutes on the phone every day.Another good idea would be to assign another employee who temporarily helps her until she gets faster in her duties. Critical reflection is a cornerstone of good practice, and a critically award and reflective worker is much more likely to acknowledge their own value patterning and the impact that personal values might have on decisions( Masculine and Cenotaphs 2008 p. 43). It is good to give her some time to improve, now that she has had communication with me, would keep record of her work patterns during the given time.If I do not notice any improvement in a certain period of time (usually a few months), will warn her that if things dont change quickly, will have to suspend or terminate her. On the other hand, if I notice improvements, I do congratulate her on her efforts. Some tips I usually practice with my employees It is interesting to observe how many successful leaders generally tend to attract others who want to be with them and around them. These leaders have a positive, encouraging disposition in their relationships (Glasses, 1 998), creating in others a sense of being valued. Ingram Cinema, 201 2, up. 71-778). A good tip to practice with the employees is been courteous and motivating when I discuss with my employees. It could be that heather was not aware of her time frames to work. To be kindness and understanding can push her to work faster in order to impress. Decision makers who understand the emotions of others may utilize that perceptively to head off potential negative outcomes by add resting those emotional issues in advance of the decision (Hess Bacillus, 201 1 , p. 714). If one of my employees is particularly slow, as is the case of heather, it may be caused by a problem in ere personal life. The problem could be anything, from a health issue to dissolve a marriage. If think that this is the case, I would take the time to support my employee by listening her and helping to find a solution, whether its private or advise her to go to counseling department. The easier way (which would mean a failure of selection) is to dismiss her, letting go the strengths and virtues that could benefit the company if she is probably place in the appropriate section. It is a quality of a good Manager to have vision of the future and ability to place an individual in the right place, especially one tit special abilities.

A List of German Riddles and Their Answers

A List of German Riddles and Their Answers Learning a new language doesnt have to be so serious. Let your laughter help you learn.   Here are eight fun German riddles to help you practice reading and speaking the language. Can you guess the answers? We will post them in a separate section below so you have the chance to guess.   Memorize your favorite riddle  for an extra challenge.   Ich hab zwei Flà ¼gel und kann nicht fliegen.Ich hab einen Rà ¼cken und kann nicht liegen.Ich hab ein Bein und kann nicht stehen.Oft trag ich Brillen und kann nicht sehen.Was  bin ich?Was ist das, das im Wasser lebtund noch am Sternenhimmel schwebt?Das im Kalender ruhig ist,sonst aber Menschen plagt und frisst?Schwarz kommt es in die Kà ¼chen,rot stehts dann auf den Tischen.Klein bin ich, groß,und deine Lebensquelle.Ich werd erobertund geraubt,und bleib dochauf derselben Stelle.Auch bin ich noch,von vielen nicht geglaubt,dein Himmel, deine Hà ¶lle.Im Drehen muss ich gehen,und niemand kann es sehen.Doch alle mà ¼ssen mit mir fortund bleiben doch an ihrem Ort.Ohne Fà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e um die WetteEil ich fort im schnellsten Lauf.Hà ¶re Tag und Nacht nicht aufUnd bin doch stets im Bette.Ich mache hart,ich mache weich,ich mache arm,ich mache reich.Kommst du zu nah,wirst du verzehrt,doch sterb ichwo man mich entbehrt.Ich bin am Berg, am Buch,bald hà ¶ckerig, bald schlicht.Ich geh euch i mmer nach,ihr aber seht mich nicht. Es ist ein Schutz, wie eine Haut,bei Birken, Linden, Eichen.Doch wenn man was bestimmtes isst,mag mans daran nicht leiden. Answers die Nasede Krebsdas Herzdie Erdeder Flussdas Feuerder Rà ¼ckendie Rinde

Benefits of Having a Car in College

Benefits of Having a Car in College There are seemingly a lot of benefits to having a car in college. After all, who wouldn’t want to have access to wheels whenever they choose? And while there are some important cons to consider, there are certainly several key pros as well. You Can Leave Campus If and When You Need a Break Whether it’s heading to a concert somewhere in town, going out to dinner with some friends, or even just being able to take someone on a date, having the ability to get away from campus whenever you wish is certainly a luxury. You Can Help Friends Out If your friends are moving, needing to transport something too big to fit on the bus, or just need a ride to the airport, having access to your own car allows you to help them if and when they ask. It can feel good to know you’re helping someone out in a pinch or even helping support a fun event for someone special, like a celebratory birthday night downtown. You Dont Have to Worry About Transportation Around the Holidays Getting home – even if it’s a day or two drive – can be done on your own terms. You won’t have to worry about expensive flights, delayed trains, long bus rides, or other transportation woes. You can more or less leave when you wish. Additionally, as the owner of the car, you can also coordinate something fun, like a road trip toward your hometown that lets you drop off friends in their hometowns along the way. You Can Plan Road Trips Speaking of road trips, you can provide transportation for some seriously memorable road trips over things like Presidents’ Weekend or Spring Break. Having access to and use of a car both ensures you’ll get to go and that you’ll have some say about the itinerary. You Can Get an Internship or Job Off Campus Without a car, of course, you can also work or have an internship off campus, but having your own transportation definitely makes the logistics easier. Having a car can therefore open some additional professional doors, whether it’s a part-time gig at a company you’d like to work for after you graduate or an internship at an interesting museum in town. You Can Save Money by Shopping Around True, having a car on campus might cost a bit extra, but you can also save money in other aspects of your college life. When you’re stuck on campus, you’re quite limited in terms of where you can buy items, like groceries or school-related supplies. With a car, however, you can make the long trip for items at discount clothing stores, cheaper food options (think: Costco or Walmart), and other less-expensive retailers. Sure, buying in the campus bookstore can be smart for several types of purchases, but overall you’re likely to find better deals elsewhere. You Can Be More Flexible With Your Family Needs ​If you often need to help out with a family business, help take care of an ill family member or provide childcare for your family, having a car can cut down on the time it takes for you to get back and forth. This simple time saver can therefore provide you with more time to focus on your studies instead of commuting back and forth. Overall, the choice of having a car with your during your time in school depends heavily on the specific factors relevant to your situation. As with most things during college, however, it’s best to make an informed, educated decision about which choice seems the smart way to go.

Security automation in oil and gas companies Research Paper

Security automation in oil and gas companies - Research Paper Example At the same time, the future trends related to SA systems are presented. The work of firms that develop such systems, such as ABB, Siemens, Rockwell Automation, SELEX and Duos Technologies, is discussed; the SA systems of the above firms are explored as of their characteristics and implications. It seems that existing SA systems can highly promote security in regard to daily operations of firms in the oil and gas industry. However, failures are difficult to be eliminated. The use of supportive tests and tools, such as SCADA software, is considered as unavoidable for ensuring the high performance of SA systems. In the future also, a similar practice would be employed since failures are indispensable part of all computerized systems, such as the SA systems. The oil and gas industry is highly exposed to a series of risks. Reference can be made, for example, to the risks from exceeding initial budget or planned costs and the risks related to ‘assets damages and injuries of people’ (Bigliani 2013, p.1). The pollution caused to environment due to failures in daily operations of the relevant industrial units is also another aspect of risks that the firms operating in oil and gas industry are likely to face (Bigliani 2013). The last few years another type of risk has appeared in the oil and gas industry: failures in cybersecurity of the industry’s firms (Radvanovsky & Brodsky 2013). The virus attack against the computer systems of Saudi Aramco in August 2012 resulted to severe problems in the operations of most of the company’s units; in total, about 30,000 units of the firm were infected by the above virus (Bigliani 2013, p.5). The introduction of Security Automation Systems in the oil and gas industry has been co nsidered as the most appropriate solution for addressing the industry’s risks. The structure, role and terms of implementation and operation of these systems are explored in this paper. Emphasis is given to the current state

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF WHOLE FOODS MARKETING Research Paper

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF WHOLE FOODS MARKETING - Research Paper Example These leaders can be contacted via phone or email specified on their website. Thus, Whole Foods Market tried to help its customers and tries to give them the best possible service as well, in order to keep its customers satisfied. (Whole Foods Market, 2011) Whole Foods Market is an organization that claims that it provides its customers natural and least processed food. It is their Unique Selling Proposition that they try to give their customers products in purest form. They try not to sell products coming out of cloned animals; rather they claim to give the product in its most natural form possible. They also try not to use artificial colors or preservatives in their products. Whole Foods Market has many products but most of them are related to food and health. There are many product lines available at Whole Foods Market including Grocery, Whole Body, Premium Body Care, 365 Everyday Value, Bakery, Prepared Foods and Whole Foods Market Brand. (Whole Foods Market, 2011) Whole Foods keeps adding new product lines and should do so in order to keep its customers entertained, happy and satisfied. However, no matter what they introduce, their Unique Selling Proposition remains the same, that is, they keep giving natural and high quality products. Whole Foods Market provides its customers with the most natural products possible which gives it a completive edge in the market. Whenever it comes to pure, organic or low processed food, Whole Foods Market always comes to mind. There are competitors for Whole Foods Market but these competitors have not taken Whole Food Market’s position and this is because Whole Foods Market provides to its customers what its competitors do not. In this age where everybody is learned and is aware that in order to do something and to make a difference they need to stay healthy and in order to stay healthy they need to maintain a healthy diet. This is why Whole Foods

Effect of the Internet on Business Development

Effect of the Internet on Business Development The internet is a network of computers who can share data and communicate between them. Its reach is almost every place in this world (see table 1). Any other technology has never changed a business as fast as internet has done. There are many stories of how a business been transformed on internet. EBay, the biggest e-shop was created by his founder to trade niche goods but now, one can buy or sell almost everything in this world to virtually everywhere. You can transform your business if you are nicely connected to your customers, suppliers and other trade partners. Internet is the best possible connector in a business who is at your service for virtually nothing. There is whole world at your disposal and you dont need to open a shop everywhere. Only thing you need is internet connection with some computer system. If you are able to offer a better deal you are in business otherwise, irrespective of how big or small you are, you are going to run out of business. The impact of interne t includes: Less importance of economies of scale. Fewer barriers to internationalization. Lower marketing communication costs. Greater price standardization. Less information floating time. Easy and fast communication between buyer and sellers. Changes in intermediary relationships. The internet lowers transaction costs in three ways: Search costs: The amount of information available to the buyer and the seller can be increased with the help of internet and that can be accessed conveniently and timely. Contracting costs: The internet helps to establish better communication and monitor the performance of partners in business relationship. It is easier to negotiate and compare prices via internet. Co-ordination costs: The cost of sharing information is reduced due to internet and is helpful in integrating business operations. What is e-business? (Kotler and Keller, 2009) e-business describes the use of electronic means and platform to conduct a companys business. E-business is short form of electronic business, where internet and related technology is used for normal business operations. Here internet is used to increase productivity, reduce costs and thus to increase turnover. The effect of Internet on business Internet has changed the business immensely. It has made the world come closer and trade economically and efficiently. It has created a virtual market where everything is available, not physically but virtually. The greatest effect internet has done on business is that it made trade price sensitive and more logical. A customer now is able to do the research work or comparisons before buying a product or services. Not only customer but it has benefited firm as well. Now firm is able to reach distant customer easily and cheaply. They can create awareness about their product and can interact directly with customer to know their preference, problem and potential solution. There is lot more to come and has impact on almost every sector of business. In further chapters we will discuss about these impacts in detail. Dissertation Objective The objective of writing this dissertation is as follows: To analyse the role of internet in development of business. To highlight the way a firm can effectively use internet technology to gain competitive advantage over their competitors. Project Structure This dissertation is divided in seven chapters with each chapter dealing with a specific topic dealing how internet helps in developing a business. First chapter Introduction contains the basic detail about the internet and their business application. Chapter 2 with heading literature review discusses about the internet and its impact on international marketing, the internet and the e-value chain and international marketing strategy and e-business. Here, the things discussed are the essence of the academic work of known writers. Chapter three discusses about the virtual market (market space) and their different aspects (like how this market can be exploited, what the possible pitfall are and where opportunities lies). Chapter four is about marketing on internet. Here some of the important discussions are on interactive marketing, push marketing and advertising via internet. There is also discussion about global business strategy and driver that need to be adopted for international ma rketing via internet. In chapter five, the academic analysis of internet as a tool for development of business is done. Here porters generic competitive advantage model, Rayport and Sviokla model of marketspace and Dutta and Segevs market space model has been discussed in brief. Further a SWOT analysis of inter is done with some suggestions. In chapter sis a very brief case study of eBay is done. Chapter seven is about the managerial implication of the changing scenario due to internet and in marketplace. Literature Review The Internet and its impact on International Marketing The Internet (Fletcher et al, 2005) The internet is a global network of interlinked computers operating on a standard protocol that allows information exchange. (Carolyn Siegel, 2004) It is the worlds largest network of interconnected distributed computer networks. Thus we can infer that any system which is able to share information to other system through a globally accepted protocol is part of internet and this whole interconnection may be called as internet. Internet commerce (Kotler and Keller, 2009) e-commerce means that the company or site offers to transact or facilitate the selling of products and services online. The internet user in the world is growing fast and so is the market scope for the marketers. According to Internet World Stat, 23.8% of total world population are active internet user. Thus, a vast population of more than 1.5 billion is ready to buy and sell on internet given a better deal. It can be only imagined the vastness and growth of market that within 8 year (2000 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2008) the world internet users grew by 342% and out of those users, 85% have purchased something on internet (Source, Nielsen, Feb 2008). The Internet and International Marketing (Carolyn Siegel, 2004) Marketing is a collection of activities that bring buyers and sellers together to make exchanges that satisfy and give value to all parties. (Carolyn Siegel, 2004) Internet marketing or e-marketing (electronic marketing) is marketing on internet with the help of emails, World Wide Web or other means. It also includes production and selling of internet related products. According to Fletcher in 2005, the introduction of electronic business has changed the fundamental principles of international marketing. He pointed out certain things that internet has changed are: Size of firm is no longer a barrier to internationalization. No need of overseas intermediaries as it became easier to locate customer and deal directly with them. No longer is traditional way of internationalization (moving from familiar to less familiar country) applicable as information became easily available and the communication medium is interactive. The internet (as a low cost medium) allows small and medium firms to become global marketer at their early stage. This is due to the fact that internet can help establishing better communication among overseas customers, suppliers, agents and distributors. We will discuss more about drivers of internet business model, impact of internet on international marketing in chapter 5. Characteristics According to Richard Fletcher et al, 2005, the internet is both communication and a marketing intelligence tool. As a communication tool it helps to build and maintain effective communication with overseas suppliers, distributors and customers. The internet has good information processing capability which acts as link between firm and external environment (discussed later). This ability of internet used as marketing intelligence tool. The internet is used as marketing channel and has following characteristics: Ability to store vast amount of data (information) inexpensively at virtually different location. Interactivity and ability to provide information on demand. Relatively low entry and establishment costs for sellers. Serve as distribution medium for goods like software, e-books etc. Powerful and cheap tool for searching, organizing and processing information. The ability to provide better insight of a product than that of other form of printed catalogue. The Internet and the e-value chain Netchising or Virtual value chain According to Beck and Morrison (2000), the physical value chain activity while globalization has not seen good results. This is due to the fact that a firm uses their resources in overseas activity at the expense of opportunities of domestic market. Not only that, there are other problem faced by an organisation like coordination of physical operations across the globe, the cultural differences, the cost of expatriates and vulnerability to environmental risk that can damage reputation of the firm. Most of these problems can be effectively solved by netchising, a term coined by Beck and Morrison (2000). Netchising is the practice of handing over overseas operations to partners (generally overseas) by outsourcing, subcontracting or franchising. Netchising has following advantages: Efficiency: generally overseas partners are more efficient and are specialized in carrying out the outsourced activities than the outsourcing firm. Convenience: exchange of information becomes easy. Now, orders can be directly placed to the firm without any local agent and a firm can also share information to the customers directly. Reduction in Transaction cost: It reduces the cost of carrying business operations which ultimately benefit the profitability of firm. International value chain According to Plumley (2000), international e-business value chain is the combination of e-commerce platform and secure transaction support (see figure 2.1). The e-commerce platform builds on the countries business rules and language where as secure transaction support builds on currency clearing and legal requirement. According to Gartner Group, internet affects the supply chain (see figure 2.2). It shows that a customer can buy and pay for the product or services easily and at the same time a supplier can also communicate directly with customer and with their own other internal departments. International information chain According to Karmarkar (2000), internet value chain is closely linked with international information chain. The language and cultural differences is the main hurdle in the path of globalization of a firm. When a firm deals with information product (like music, e-books or software) then it becomes easier to go global. In certain cases when product or services are not much attached to language or cultural factors (for ex. Technical publishing and industrial services), then also it is easy to become global. In production of information product and services low labour cost is the key as relative cost of hardware and software has come down. Now, firms look for low cost labour market (like India, China) to develop information products. Outsourcing of information services (customer care service such as call centres) and software development cell are some examples. Thus we can say that in information value chain, the physical infrastructure doesnt play a vital role. International Marketing Strategy and e-business Internet issue and foreign market entry According to Oxley and Yeung (2000), the e-commerce readiness of a market is determined by three factors: The rule of law: A customer is not able to see the original product while purchasing online. Therefore, they need to be assured that if they purchase a product or service online; they will get them as they were told or shown online in given time limit. According to survey by e-consultancy in 2008, 84% buyers look for the sign that a website is secure before making a purchase. Thus, a market (country) must be able to provide an environment where property rights are well defines, courts are efficient in resolving disputes and consumer credits and consumer protection regulations are well established and enforced (i.e. strong tradition of the rule of law). The transactional integrity of online business: It is difficult to track a e-business trader by their e-mail address or website. Also, the entry and exit barrier in e-business is low and this is used as a weapon by dishonest e-traders. They can execute fraud and again be able to do it with a new name (as they can entre again in market with new identity). When dispute arises, it is hard to practise legal action in a different country and can be costly. The availability of infrastructure: migration from traditional market to online market is not possible until customers have access to personal computer and internet connection at reasonable price. Apart from these facilities, they do have the facility of credit card or online payment system. Thus, internet related infrastructure and financial infrastructure are essential Electronic Marketplace Internet a virtual market According to Garrison, (1996), the internet acts as a catalyst for sociological change. It has changed the nature of market, the way of business operation and the mode of communication with customers and other business partners. It has created a market space which has affected the traditional marketplace and consumer preferences by providing greater facilities to them. Internet has become the largest market available to mankind where almost everything is been sell or bought. This market space doesnt exist in physical terms but can get everything available in physical market. Physical vs. Virtual Value Chain Value chain is nothing but a set of value adding activity for the product or services. Rayport and Sviokla, 1996, argued about a new value chain termed as virtual value chain where product or services exist as a piece of information and can be delivered through information based channel of communication. This virtual value chain is different from physical or traditional value chain where one can see or touch products. He said the virtual world as market space while the physical world as marketplace. According to Fletchar et al 2005, the virtual value chain is a realm where products and services exist as digital information delivered through information based channel. He also differentiates virtual value chain and physical value chain on the basis of information used. The virtual value system uses information as the source of value while in physical value chain it is used as a supporting element of value adding process. Thus we can say that now a day a firm has to compete in two busin ess environment, one is traditional and other is virtual business environment. The distinction between the two can be understood by this example. when consumers use answering machines to leave a message, they are using an object that is both made and sold in the physical world, however when they buy electronic answering services from the phone company they are using the market space à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  a virtual realm where products and services are digital information and are delivered through information-based channels. (Rayport and Sviokla, 1996) Figure 2: The Virtual Value Chain in relation to The Physical Value Chain (source: Hollensen, 2001). Adoption of Value Adding Activities: Company adopts value adding information activities in the following three stages: Visibility: Here large scale information systems are used to coordinate activities in the physical value chain. Mirroring Capability: It is the capability of substituting physical activities with virtual and thus creating a parallel virtual value chain in the marketspace (see figure 2). New Customer Relationship: This is the flow of information to customer to deliver value in new ways. This parallel physical and virtual value chain operation allow firms to deliver value to their customer in both marketspace and marketplace. These operations create marketspace based relationship with customers. The virtual value chain consists of five steps, say, gathering, organising, selecting, synthesizing and distributing information. These value adding activity allow company to identify customers desires more effectively and fulfil them more efficiently. This happens, for example, when a car manufacturer shifts its RD from the physical to the virtual value chain. By doing so, they involve customers of different locations in the new product development process. The physical value chain is linear (a sequence of activities with defined input and outputs), whereas the virtual value chain is non-linear (a matrix of potential inputs and outputs that can be accessed and distribute by a wide variety of channels). Relationship marketing It is a way of marketing where marketers or firm try to attract, maintain and enhance relationship with customers and other business partners. Internet (or website) acts as the best medium to communicate with people related to business. Firms now focus on relationship marketing to gather information from customers, to develop customized product or services for a focussed customer group. The internet helps firms to improve relationship with their customers and suppliers; and help them to work effectively. Now a firm doesnt need a middleman or a agent as they can sell directly to the customer via internet. Thus the distance with customer is decreasing and a firm need a smaller supply chain which can increase their profitability. The lesser distance also allows firms to establish a close relationship with customer and provide those customized products or services as per their need. The firms (like eBay, Google etc) involved in innovative business have always realized the power of customer relationship. They bank on the ability to process large relationship database. With the help of this relationship database they formulate their strategy and develop innovative way of marketing. The relationship marketing not only benefit the firm but also the customers. The customers are benefitted because firm can develop customized and focussed marketing message. Mattsson, (1996), has described a relationship as combination of three main components, which affect the parties involved in a business. Those components are legal(L), behavioural(P), and atmospheric (E). These three factor determines the success and failure of a relationship marketing in a particular market. Thus it is possible to have a successful buyer-seller relationship in domestic market totally failure in overseas market. Finally we can say that relationship marketing includes the management of a firm and thus it must be included in the business plan Marketing on the Internet Internet and Global Business Strategy (Kotler and Keller, 2006) e-marketing describes company offers to inform buyers, communicate, promote and sell its products and services over the internet. Drivers of Internet Adoption in International Marketing Once a firm establishes an internet portal (website), they automatically become a MNC (Multi National Company). Quelch and Kelvin (1996) describe two evolutionary paths of a website: Information to Transaction Model (figure 4.1) adopted by existing MNCs where they offer information to address the needs of existing customers. Transaction to Information Model (figure 4.2) adopted by internet start-up companies where they begin with transaction and use the medium to build brand image and secure repeat orders. The basic purpose of these models is either to reduce cost or to increase revenue. According to Quelch and Kelvin (1996), these drivers fall into four quadrant as given in figure 4.3. Internal customers focus/ cost reduction (quadrant 1): This is applicable to the companies who use website as a tool to communicate with their customers. Their main focus is to provide customer services for domestic market. They just happen to attract international traffic. Internal customer focus/ revenue generation (quadrant 2): This is applicable to the companies who use website not only to communicate with their domestic customers but also offer transactions online. This enables a firm to reach those international customers who might be inaccessible via other media. External customer focus/ cost reduction (quadrant 2): This is applicable to the companies whose main aim is to attract international audience through their website. This happens to benefit all customers because of the international scope of operations. External customer focus/ revenue generation (quadrant 3): This is applicable to the firms who not only focus on attracting international audience but also offer transactions worldwide. Here transaction involves connecting buyers and sellers. Company target providing services to existing customers and attract new customers from global market. Impact of Internet on International Marketing Variables The modification in marketing mix variables is necessary while using internet for international marketing. The impacts of internet on application of marketing mix while going to international market are as follows: Pricing: Due to internet customers are more aware of prices in different countries and thus there is increase in price standardization across borders and price differential become narrow. One advantage of this is that price can be customized easily with customers need and their profile (segment). Distribution Channels: Internet has dramatically reduced the number of intermediaries earlier needed for worldwide distribution channels. As now, less capital is needed for inventory and thus the role of intermediaries has been changed. The new roles of intermediaries include collection, spreading, interpretation and distribution of information rather than traditionally handling and distribution of products. Creation of new Market: Internet offers new opportunities for firms to create market by helping buyers and sellers to locate and negotiate trade terms with each other (ex. eBay etc). There is also a market developed for executing transaction between traders (ex. PayPal etc). New Product Diffusion: The traditional test as you go practice where shifting products from one country to another is now outdated. Now, new product announcement or launch generates immediate demand (as information travel faster on internet) and that requires immediate availability of goods. Customization: Due to internet, getting demographic and purchasing profile of customer became easy. This allows firms to customize products for local adaption as per local market demand. Advertising on internet Internet is a low cost advertising medium having reach to global audience. Advertising on internet includes banner advertising on website, email, blogs and links to search engines. As traditional media of advertising is quite expensive and at the same time internet infrastructure is improving day by day and able to prove support to video and graphics on web. With this improvement a firm can successfully launch an online advertisement campaign. Interactive advertising According to Haeckel, Marketing interactivity is a person-to-person or person-to-technology exchange designed to effect a change in the knowledge or behaviour of at least one person. He also point out that interactivity is function of certain dimensions, which is given as: I = Æ'(N, C, F, SI, CI, T, CT, SY, M) Where, I = impact of interaction, M = Type of media involved (Other factors not discussed as not relevant to current topic). Now, as a technology, internet is the strongest media for interactive marketing. The reason for that is Internet is used by almost a quarter of the total world population. It is not limited to a particular geographic reason. The growth of user is fast. Cheapest and fastest way of interacting with majority of population (both for customer and marketers). Haeckel also pointed out that there is going to be much more business and marketing use through internet. He made a graph which shows how we find usage of a new technology with time (see graph below) and thus we can say there is more in store than what we are seeing and using presently. Even interactive marketing may see turnaround with this technology. Marketing with push technology (Wetzel, 2008) defined push marketing as, customers are provided information by receiving or viewing advertisements digitally, such as: e-mail, SMS, RSS, phone calls, etc., as subscribers of the latest product and service information provided by the company. The internet is the cheapest and most effective media that is used for push marketing. Advantages of Push Marketing via Internet Tracking of Customer Preference: It is easier to track user preference with the help of push technology (internet) and customize according to their preferences. A good example of this is Google AdSense that tracks the users visited website or keywords in mail and according to those criteria it shows advertisement (related link). Increase Accessibility: With the help of push marketing a firm can increase customer accessibility by the firms marketing and advertisement of the products. Subscribers get pushed by built in developed software called PointCast that enable users to receive automatic content updates via their internet connection and web presence as the channel to get information when their computers are not in use. Corporate identity in cyberspace Firms are now using web to extend and reinforce their companies brand image in a cost efficient manner. This serves as a complementary media device that re-establishes a firm in consumers mind. By providing valuable information to users a firm can expand their brand image. The regular updating of information may attract customers to visit website regularly, which will reinforce firms image and provide them a chance to create a new and extended cyber image. Analysis and Methodology Competitive Advantage via Internet Porters three generic strategies for competitive advantage According to Porter (1985), a firm can earn high return if they are able to position themselves well enough, irrespective of the structure of the industry and profitability of the industry. He pointed out the fundamental basis for above average performance is sustainable competitive advantage in long run. For that sustainable competitive advantage he gave three generic competitive strategies. Cost Leadership: According to porter (1985), a firm is having cost advantage over his competitors if the cumulative cost of performing value activity is less than the competitors. He further discussed that a firms cost position is a function of; (a) the composition of their value chain to their competitors, (b) their relative position in cost drivers. Now, we see that how internet helps them to achieve them cost leadership by affecting the above two functions. Differentiation: Porter (1985) describes another strategy for competitive advantage is to differentiate their product with competitors products. This means raising the quality with ignoring the cost for the sake of quality. Now internet can help them to do that by interacting directly with customer and customizing products according to target group. Many firms now use blog site to interact with customers and promoting their new or customized product. Focus: Porter describe this as customizing products or services to suit a focused or small segment of consumer group. The internet helps firms to focus on different aspects of the products and customer group. Internet even allow firm to receive specification from each and every customers and according to them they can produce customized products or services. As discussed in chapter 3, the relation of physical and virtual value chain (Hollensen, 2001), we find there is virtual value chain corresponding to each physical value chain. By applying this value chain a firm can become cost leader as it depends on two factors discussed above. A firm can shift to virtual value chain to gain cost advantage over their competitors physical value chain. For example Federal Express (FedEx), a shipment company allows consumer to track their parcels. This tracking system via internet is very efficient and economical. The FedEx has now reduced more than a million query calls per month by providing online shipment tracking system. This is one of the way of reducing cost and step towards cost leader position and at the same time it differentiate FedEx from their competitors. But this is not enough as sooner or later others will follow same practice and FedEx lose the competitive edge. The real edge lies on the innovative and creative way of finding or chang ing physical value chain to virtual value chain. So now apart from technology, innovative idea of using technology is the key for success of a firm. Stuck in the middle Porter (1985) points out a situation, where a firm try to achieve both generic strategy (cost leadership and differentiation) but fails to achieve any of them. He calls this situation as stuck in the middle. According to him, a firm stuck in the middle will compete at disadvantage as others competitors (cost leader, differentiators) will be better positioned to compete in any segment. In case of Google AdSense, Google is offering a differentiated advertising tool at very low cost (usually one get this via auction, where price is driven by customer not producer) is offering a differentiated (highly unique and effective) advertisement. Here both cost leadership and differentiation is achieved by Google with the help of technology. Johnson et al (1998) discuss about the core competency of a firm may be difficult to imitate because they are complex. The google is doing the same thing by making the internal structure complex, which is hard to imitate by competitors. Thus, they can put the mselves in a position where for an advertisement position (ex. Out of five position or space, advertisers bid for first position then second and so on), firms bid among themselves. Thus, it is possible to achieve a position where a firm can achieve cost leadership and differentiation without compromising one for the other with the help of technology (say internet) and their own creativity (say way of using internet). E-business marketing Models and International Competitiveness Rayport and Sviokla Model According to Rayport and Sviokla (1995), the internet has changed the nature of trade. Internet has made both physical location of inventory and the actual place (marketplace) of trade irrelevant. They argued that traditional marketplace (the physical market) transaction has been replaced by markets place (virtual market or e-market) transaction. They concluded that brand equity is created in marketplace through content (i.e. the product offering), context (the communication programmes) and infrastructure (i.e. the pricing and value chain activity related to distribution). While in market space (internet marketing); content, context and infrastructure has been transformed to innovate new ways of creating value. The changes are: Content: Now, everything possible is delivered electronically whether it is product, service or information. Even though operating system (Microsoft window) are available online. They tim

Corporate Structure of Yamaha

October 28, 2010 Message from the President Management Emphasis on CSR Yamaha Corporation Group CSR Policy Group-wide Quality Management System Corporate Governan Compliance Group-wide Quality Assurance Structure Quality Management System Quality Risk Management Quality Improvement Measures Stronger Customer Support System Improving Convenience by Standardizing Customer Helpdesks Policies for Retained Earnings and Returns to Shareholders Proactive Investor Relations Efforts to Promote Understanding of the Company Inclusion in Socially Responsible Investment IndexesInitiatives for Employees Basic Policy on Hiring and Employment Job-Tailored Training and Education Systematic Transmission of Skills Initiatives for a Better Work-Life Balance Assisting Women's Careers Measures to Prevent Harassment Occupational Health and Safety Policy Administration Initiatives for Business Partners Fair Evaluation and Selection in Partner Relationships Survey of CSR Measures of Business Partners Contrib uting to Society Through Sound and MusicSupport for Aspiring Young Musicians Hamamatsu Jazz Week Reaching Out to Schools with Lessons on the Science of Sound Environmental Management Environmental Management Promotion Structure Material Balance Goals and Achievements Environmental Accounting Management of Chemical Substances Management of Chemical Substances and Reduction of Emissions Environmental Accounting (Environmental Accounting)Yamaha Group (Environmental Accounting)Resort Facilities (Environmental Accounting)Group Manufacturing Companies Located OverseasContributing to Local Communities Donations in Response to the Sumatra Earthquake Yamaha Kakegawa Grand Piano Factory Restarts Factory Tours Third Round of Tree-PlantingShizuoka Contribution Activities at a Local Train Station Handmade Guitar Workshop in Cooperation with College Student Accepting Students for On-theJob Contributing to Training for Junior High School Teachers Joining to Support the Society to Send Instruments to Developing Countries Global Warming Countermeasures Global Warming Countermeasures Initiatives at OfficesManagement of Water Resources Effective Use and Conservation of Water Resources Waste Management Waste Reduction and Resource Recycling Environmentally Friendly Products and Services Environmentally Friendly Products Conserving Wood Resources Environmental Communication Environmental Risk Management Environmental Education and Training Environmental Data (Environmental Data)Yamaha Group(1) (Environmental Data)Yamaha Group(2) (Environmental Data)Resort Facilities (Environmental Data)Group Manufacturing Companies Located Overseas Environmental Data by Site Environmental Data by Site)(1) (Environmental Data by Site)(2) (Environmental Data by Site)Resort Facilities (Environmental Data by Site)Sales Offices,Overseas Contributing to Social Welfare Proceeds from Musical Charities Support Children Marathon Fundraising in Support of Measures to Combat Childhood Disease ISO 14001-Certif ied Sites History of Environmental Initiatives Management Emphasis on CSR Message from the President Management Emphasis on CSR Yamaha Corporation Group CSR Policy Group-wide Quality Management System Corporate Governance Compliance Message from the PresidentYamaha Group CSR Through business activities founded on sound and music, the Yamaha Group strives to achieve its corporate objective of â€Å"Creating ‘Kando*' Together. † Yamaha Group’s philosophy of management is customer-oriented and quality-conscious, transparent and sound, values people and is in harmony with society, and we work to fulfill this philosophy in our activities. We consider corporate activities in alignment with this philosophy to be CSR-oriented management. In February 2010, we established the Yamaha Corporation Group CSR Policy, a summary of the Group’s approach to CSR.Based on this policy, we intend to work as a whole to further promote CSR activities. *'Kando' (is a Japanese word that) signifies an inspired state of mind. In April 2010, we launched our new medium-term management plan, â€Å"Yamaha Management Plan 125† (YMP125), under which we will aim to create the foundations for future growth in the lead up to Yamaha's 125th anniversary in 2013. We also established a vision for what Yamaha should be: a trusted and admired brand, with operations centered on sound and music, and an achiever of growth through both products and services.Promoting CSR-oriented management is a crucial component of our effort to be a trusted and admired brand. CSR-oriented management as practiced by the Yamaha Group is distinguished by the fact that we contribute to the development of musical culture and the enrichment of society through our business activities themselves, not as an afterthought. By making the most of Yamaha’s strengths to provide products and services that satisfy all customers who love music, we can contribute to the development of musical culture s and enrich lives worldwide.In tandem, as the Yamaha Group develops operations on a global scale, we believe it is vital to do our part to address the issues faced by local communities, as well as worldwide concerns such as global warming and biodiversity. The Yamaha Group will continue promoting efforts to address social problems in a variety of ways, focusing on those activities best suited to the particular nature of our businesses. We will make efforts to support cultural and educational development in each region, use raw materials more efficiently, and reduce the environmental impact of our development and production activities.We will also support forest revitalization as a company that utilizes wood materials to manufacture its products. 2010 CSR Report This fiscal year, our CSR Report includes features an effective utilization of wood materials and tree-planting, representing Yamaha's relationship to trees in our quest to achieve a sustainable society. We also offer exampl es of social contribution through sound and music, contributions to local communities, and environmental conservation initiatives, among others.The policies and systems underlying these activities, as well as environmental data and other basic information, can be found in the digital version of the report available on Yamaha’s corporate website. We welcome any opinions or suggestions you may have. September 2010 President and Representative Director, Yamaha Corporation Management Emphasis on CSR The Yamaha Group seeks to implement our corporate philosophy, pursue sustainable business, leverage our core technologies and assets and deepen communication with all stakeholders. Constantly creating ‘Kando*' and enriching culture—that is the Yamaha Group's CSR. ‘Kando' (is a Japanese word that) signifies an inspired state of mind. Yamaha Corporation Group CSR Policy – Our Aim is â€Å"Creating ‘Kando' Together† The objective of the Yamaha Corpo ration Group is to continue to createâ€Å"Kando*† and enrich culture with technology and passion born of sound and music, together with people all over the world. Based on this Corporate Objective, Yamaha conducts its CSR activities according to the following guidelines to further strengthen the bonds of trust with its stakeholders through its corporate activities and contribute to the sustainable development of society. . Yamaha provides support to people who want to perform music and people who want to enjoy it by contributing to the popularization and development of music and musical culture. 2. Yamaha works to maintain a healthy global environment by understanding the significance of protecting the natural environment, maintaining biodiversity, and reducing the burden on the environment, as well as promoting the proper use of wood resources, and cooperating with forest protection activities. . As a â€Å"corporate citizen† that is a member of society, Yamaha contr ibutes to creating a better society by actively participating in many kinds of activities that further the development of the community and culture. 4. Yamaha complies with laws and high ethical standards, works to create an environment in which its personnel can draw fully on their sensitivities and creativity, and aims to build a corporate culture that will enable it to offer better products and services. 5.For its shareholders, who support its corporate activities financially, Yamaha aims for a high degree of transparency by disclosing management information and engaging in active and sustained communication. For its business partners, Yamaha conducts transactions fairly and transparently, endeavors to deepen mutual understanding, and works to build strong relationships of trust. (Established in February 2010) Corporate Governance Yamaha seeks not only to pursue efficient management and to ensure global competitiveness and a high level of profitability, but also to fulfill its so cial responsibility through fair and sustainable management.In keeping with its corporate philosophy, Yamaha is working to develop an organizational structure and mechanisms for management that will form the basis for transparent and high quality corporate governance. Creating a Management Structure Through the Board of Directors and Executive Officers As of June 25, 2010, Yamaha has five directors, including two outside directors. In order to accelerate decision-making by the Board of Directors and enhance supervisory functions, in fiscal 2011 we have decreased the number of directors serving concurrently as executive officers by four, and added one outside director.Outside directors also act as members of the Corporate Governance Committees and serve to ensure transparency of management decision-making. The Board convenes once monthly in principle, and is responsible for the Group's management functions, including proposing Group strategy and the monitoring and directing of busine ss execution carried out by the divisions. In order to clarify responsibilities, directors are appointed for a term of one year. Yamaha also employs an executive officer system, with the purpose of strengthening consolidated Group management and business execution functions by divisions.As of June 25, 2010, the executive officer system comprises 16 executive officers, including two managing executive officers, who are allocated to business or administrative divisions dealing with important management issues. The executive officers support the President, the chief officer in charge of business execution. Managing executive officers, who serve concurrently as Company directors, are assigned to oversee the operation of businesses and administrative divisions, in accordance with the importance of these responsibilities.In addition, five senior executive officers oversee the entire Company organization. As group managers, they are responsible for the performance of key divisions within t he Company, and manage and direct in a manner appropriate for bringing the functions of each group to the fore. An Audit System to Ensure Fair and Transparent Business Practices Yamaha is a company with a Board of Auditors as defined under Japanese law, and has worked to enhance governance functions by introducing an executive officer system, as well as by setting up Corporate Governance Committees and an internal control system.These actions, in conjunction with consistent audits conducted by the Company's system of fulltime auditors, combine to raise the effectiveness of governance. As of June 25, 2010, Yamaha has four auditors, including two outside auditors. In principle, the Board of Auditors convenes once monthly. Based on audit plans, auditors periodically perform comprehensive audits of all divisions and Group companies, and participate in Board of Directors' meetings and other important meetings such as management councils.Yamaha has also established a Corporate Auditors' O ffice (with one staff member as of June 25, 2010) as a dedicated staff for the auditors, to ensure an environment conducive for performing effective audits. With respect to accounting audits, the suitability of such audits is determined based on periodic progress reports from the accounting auditors of their audits of the Company's financial statements. The Internal Auditing Division (10 staff members as of June 25, 2010) is under the direct control of the President and Representative Director.Its role is to closely examine and evaluate systems pertaining to management and operations, as well as operational execution, for all management activities undertaken by the Company and Group companies from the perspective of legal compliance and rationality. The evaluation results are then used to provide information for the formulation of suggestions and proposals for rationalization and improvement. In parallel, Yamaha strives to boost audit efficiency by encouraging close contact and coor dination among the corporate auditors and the accounting auditors. ;;Click to enlargeRegistration of Independent Officers Yamaha has registered outside director Haruo Kitamura and outsideauditor Kunio Miura as independent officers in accordance with the stipulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Fiscal 2009 Activities by Outside Director and Outside Corporate Auditors Outside director Takashi Kajikawa attended 13 of the 14 meetings of the Board of Directors held in fiscal 2009. Utilizing his ample experience and considerable insight as a representative director of a publicly owned company, he made necessary statements as appropriate during the consideration of meeting agenda items.Outside corporate auditor Kunio Miura attended 12 of the 14 meetings of the Board of Directors held in fiscal 2009. He also attended 12 of the 15 Board of Auditors' meetings, and made statements mainly from his specialist standpoint as an attorney. Outside corporate auditor Yasuharu Terai attended all 14 of the meetings of the Board of Directors held in fiscal 2009. He also attended all 15 Board of Auditors' meetings, making statements based primarily on his experience and insight as a management executive. Outside corporate auditor Haruo Kitamura attended 10 of the 11 meetings of the Board of Directors held after his appointment.He also attended all 10 of the Board of Auditors' meetings held during his term, and made statements based primarily on his experience and insight as a chartered accountant. Support System for Outside Directors and Outside Corporate Auditors For agenda items at meetings of the Board of Directors and the Board of Auditors to be attended by outside directors and corporate auditors, full-time staff members send documents and other materials to the outside directors and corporate auditors prior to the meeting and provide explanations as necessary to enable them to perform a complete preliminary study.When necessary, outside directors are also individually provide d explanations regarding proposals and reports to be submitted to the Board of Directors. As for outside corporate auditors, with regard to other material matters, the Company strives at all times to maintain an effective auditing environment, including by providing information, supplying materials, listening to opinions, and supporting research and data collection. Fundamental Concept of the Internal Control SystemYamaha has established an internal control system pursuant to Japan's Company Law and the Enforcement Regulations of the Company Law. Along with pursuit of the optimal corporate governance for enhancing both corporate value and the Yamaha brand, the Company endeavors to qualitatively enhance the internal control system, in recognition that doing so will improve the efficiency of business activities, increase the trustworthiness of Yamaha's accounting and financial data, and lead to stronger compliance, asset soundness, and risk management capabilities.The Yamaha Group has defined an internal control policy as a specific measure pertaining to the Group-wide internal control system. In line with this policy, the Company is standardizing the rules in place at its subsidiaries, and implementing Company-wide monitoring liaison committees in connection with the internal control system operated by corporate staff divisions, with the goal of making monitoring activities more comprehensive. Business Continuity Plan (BCP)From fiscal 2008, Yamaha has embarked on the development of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP), designed to enable it to quickly resume operations in the event of an earthquake in Japan's Tokai region or other major natural disasters that could cause damage to its structures or facilities. Yamaha has formulated its BCP Guidelines as a fundamental Company-wide policy in this regard. In April 2009, Yamaha established and initiated activities by the Corporate Committee, chaired by the President and Representative Director.In June 2010 the Risk Man agement Committee began activities at all operational sites and at Group companies, while putting the necessary systems and countermeasures in place to respond to new flu strains and various other risks. Compliance The Yamaha Group aims to achieve a high level of compliance management not only by conforming with laws and regulations, but also through adherence to social norms and corporate ethics. Compliance Oriented ManagementYamaha began conducting compliance activities in Japan in 2003 with the establishment of the Compliance Committee and the formulation of the Compliance Code of Conduct. Revisions were made to the Compliance Code of Conduct in fiscal 2006, including additions regarding the prohibition of forced and child labor, and other information essential for Group Companies with overseas business interests in order to contribute to the establishment of a structure suitable for global business development.In April 2008 we enhanced this structure to incorporate unified princ iples and guidelines for the entire Yamaha Group, including completion of codes of conduct that reflect the various local laws and regulations governing overseas Group companies. In fiscal 2009, we pushed compliance forward with the slogan â€Å"Compliance and Communication: Creating a Corporate Culture of Doing the Right Thing in High Spirits. † In June 2010, we reorganized the companywide Governance Committees and the compliance activities are now steered by the newly set-up Risk Management Committee through its CSR and Compliance Subcommittee.For details on Compliance Initiatives, see: http://www. yamaha. co. jp/about/corporate/compliance/ (Japanese only) Fiscal 2009 Compliance Measures Compliance and communication: Creating an environment where employees can do the right thing, transparently and correctly The results of the Fourth Compliance Survey conducted in fiscal 2008 showed the need to fostering a healthy organizational culture and promote communication. Based on th is recognition, from fiscal 2009, Yamaha has been conducting compliance promotion activities based on the keywords above.Feedback was provided to various divisions and Group companies on the aspects of their organizational culture and compliance issues that came to light during the fiscal 2008 survey. The Compliance Committee (Secretariat) subsequently conducted follow-up interviews with the responsible managers, in order to reconfirm the features of the organizational culture and promote the resolution of individual issues. Starting with a lecture in Compliance Promotion Month (October), Yamaha has implemented the following initiatives to promote communication in the workplace. (1) 4th Compliance Seminar (lecture)In addition to the 345 participants who attended the original lecture, a DVD recording of the lecture was screened at all workplaces, allowing a total of around 2,000 employees, mainly managers and executives, to benefit from the seminar. (2) Promoting Compliance e-Learnin g for All Managers and Executives This e-learning program incorporates the concept of â€Å"assertion† as it encourages participants to think about ways of communication when faced with compliance issues. A total of 1,247 people took part in this training between November 2009 and June 2010 (96. 1% completion rate). (3) Group Compliance MeetingsApproximately 70 responsible managers and others in charge of compliance at key divisions and domestic Group companies participated in the Compliance Meeting to share understanding of and information about compliance promotion activities. Participants both reviewed initiatives to date and were requested to provide training for all employees at their places of work. (4) Transparent and Correct Compliance Meetings (Training for all employees) The committee secretariat provided training tools, including presentation materials, for this training, which had been held 224 times as of April 2010, training a total of 3,340 employees.The secret ariat is providing individual support for all workplaces that have yet to hold the training, and working to ensure that all workplaces implement it successfully. ?Yamaha Music (Russia) LLC established in 2007) formulates a compliance code of conduct ? Conducted compliance survey (self-administered progress check) at overseas subsidiaries Overseas Initiatives Compliance Help Line (April 2009 to March 2010) A total of 43 communications were received throughout the year, 8 fewer than in the previous year. Of these, 37% were reports, and three came from overseas subsidiaries (one from Indonesia and two from Russia).There have been 344 communications over the past 7 years. With Our Customers Group-wide Quality Assurance Structure Quality Management System Quality Risk Management Quality Improvement Measures Stronger Customer Support System Improving Convenience by Standardizing Customer Helpdesks Quality Management System The Yamaha Group considers customer satisfaction to be its top pri ority, and has put in place a Company-wide quality management system to ensure the production of high quality products that meet the high expectations of our customers.Under the Company-wide quality management system, quality policies and targets and important quality-related measures are deliberated by the Quality Committee, and then issued from the president to the operating divisions. Each business division is responsible for the quality of its own products and establishes its own divisional targets in line with the quality policies and objectives set by the president. Each business division follows ISO 9001 international standards for quality management systems and conducts activities designed to achieve quality targets.The Quality Assurance Division, established in April 2010, audits whether the quality assurance systems of each operating division and the quality of their products meet the standard to which Yamaha aspires. The results of these audits are taken into account in i mproving the Company-wide quality management system. The Quality Management Representatives conference comprises people in charge of quality management for the operating divisions and works to disseminate Company-wide quality policies, targets and important quality-related measures.The conference also conducts joint research with the operating divisions on improvement case studies. In January 2010, in order to enhance the effectiveness of the Company-wide quality management system, the Yamaha Group established Product Quality Guidelines, which stipulate the level of quality which all Yamaha products should meet. ;;Click to enlarge Acquiring ISO 9001 Certification As of March 31, 2010, the Yamaha Group had acquired certification under the ISO9001 international standards for quality management systems at 25 business divisions, covering approximately 63% of the workforce on a consolidated basis.Quality Risk Management Measures to Prevent Product – Safety Issues The Yamaha Group takes precautions during the development, design, and production stages to prevent any product safety issues. Development and design divisions have also tightened their design reviews concerning product safety while production divisions have introduced measures to strengthen FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) during production processes. The Yamaha Group has put in place a system that enables faster responses to ensure the safety of customers.For example, a product safety information database has been developed. In the event of a product safety issue in the marketplace, this database allows employees receiving information on a safety problem to report it immediately to the applicable department and the head of the Quality Assurance Division, who convenes an Emergency Action Committee Meeting*. The committee then advances instructions on necessary inspections and corrective measures, decides a proper response with respect to customers, and notifies top management of the situati on.In fiscal 2009, we decided to directly notify customers and repair free of charge possible defects in one product that could have potentially resulted in injury to customers, filing a recall report with Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. * Emergency Action Committee Meeting: A meeting attended by representatives from relevant production and sales divisions, the Service, Legal, and Public Relations Divisions, as well as from any other division named by the head of the Quality Assurance Division.Conformance with Product Regulations and Standards Worldwide Yamaha has developed a structure for full compliance with regulations and standards worldwide pertaining to product quality and safety, and environmental protection. Under this structure, the Company is able to collect information on regulations and standards in each country and to respond quickly to these regulations or issues that may arise.In addition, to monitor the status of legal compliance while developing pro ducts that conform to standards, Yamaha Corporation's headquarters includes a quality evaluation facility equipped with an array of measuring, analytical, and evaluation devices, including state-of-the-art electromagnetic wave-measuring facilities. Anechoic chamber used for electromagnetic wave measurement Quality Improvement Measures The Yamaha Group strives to ensure product safety and improve quality. At the same time, the Yamaha Group works to strengthen quality management training, while pursuing quality, ease of use and convenience in order to satisfy customers.Quality Management Training To develop quality human resources, Yamaha's personnel training system contains expert training related to â€Å"quality assurance,† as well as training tailored to individual job positions. The goal of this system is to raise awareness and enhance skills with respect to quality management. In fiscal 2009, approximately 150 people took courses offered in various areas, including Qualit y Engineering and FMEA/FTA*1. Furthermore, the Yamaha Group revised its training program in order toward enhance the training system geared to enhancing safety and environmental awareness and skills. 1 FMEA:Failure Mode and Effect Analysis FTA:Fault Tree Analysis Methods of systematically analyzing potential malfunctions and defects in products and other items Measures to Improve Usability The Yamaha Group always makes an effort to develop products from the customer's perspective. For example, employees act as product testers, and the results of their tests are reflected into product specifications. In this and other ways, Yamaha is working to improve usability. Piano Division, Yamaha CorporationYamaha's Piano Division is developing new types of pianos that incorporate digital technologies into a traditional piano. Examples include the Disklavierâ„ ¢ E3 player piano released in 2009, as well as silent pianos and hybrid pianos. The Disklavier in particular actively incorporates ne w functions such as Internet connection and simultaneous video recording and playback, offering users a multitude of ways to enjoy the product. The most important question for any product, however, is whether such functions are easy for customers to use and operate.The Piano Division is conducting usability tests*2, with the aim of making the Disklavier a more approachable and user-friendly product. These tests involve not only the product development division, but also sales divisions and the Quality Assurance Division. Sharing issues with each other facilitates a rapid response to any problems by the relevant division. For usability tests, the division creates a situation in which testers can try all the functions included in the Disklavier. Test subjects operate the products or prototypes in a special testing room.Representatives from the various divisions watch the test subjects from a separate room, taking notes. Observers pay particular attention to details such as hand moveme nts, which are recorded on video, and following the test they analyze and verify the results. This type of testing identifies unanticipated problems and allows the relevant divisions to modify specifications in order to enable more user-friendly, natural operation by customers. *2 Usability tests: In-house tests to confirm product usability have employees operate the product on a trial basis.Improving Convenience by Standardizing Customer Helpdesks Customer Support Department, Domestic Sales & Marketing Division, Yamaha Corporation The Yamaha Group has numerous business divisions, and has taken steps to put a robust support structure in place. Among other actions, in April 2008, the Group reorganized the Customer Support Department within the Domestic Sales & Marketing Division, coupled with the opening of a Customer Communication Center, as a means of integrating product-specific helpdesks in an effort to improve customer convenience.Moreover, in fiscal 2008, we took steps to impro ve our support structure, building a unified nationwide support system by clarifying helpdesk names and installing a standardized phone system using navi-dial,*1 among other means. For customers, these changes have resulted in more intuitive helpdesks for each product, and enabled a smoother customer service response. In fiscal 2009, we overhauled our phone management system by transitioning to a cloud model, supervising phone response service levels and strengthening system maintenance.Through these and other initiatives, we are constantly working to improve the system. At the same time, in order to improve the level of service, we have attached numerical values for various aspects of service quality, such as ease of reaching a representative by telephone and the speed of response to e-mail inquiries, and we are managing service based on these indicators. Through steady efforts in operator training and creating databases of the details of customer inquiries, we are continuously str iving to improve the indicators for service quality. 1 â€Å"Phone system using navi-dial†: A phone system that utilizes a â€Å"navi-dial† number, which automatically connects callers to helpdesks at local dialing rates wherever they call from in Japan, resulting in a more efficient provision of guidance and services to customers. >>Click to enlarge Staff field calls at the Customer Communication Center With Our Shareholders Policies for Retained Earnings and Returns to Shareholders Proactive Investor Relations Efforts to Promote Understanding of the Company Inclusion in Socially Responsible Investment Indexes Policies for Retained Earnings and Returns to ShareholdersYamaha Corporation has adopted a basic profit allocation policy linked to the level of consolidated net income in the medium term that provides for increasing return on equity (ROE) by retaining earnings as appropriate for strengthening Yamaha's management position through investments in R, sales capabili ties, capital equipment and facilities, and other areas, while also emphasizing higher shareholder returns to reflect consolidated performance. Specifically, Yamaha endeavors to provide continuous, stable dividends and has set a target consolidated dividend payout ratio of 40%.We also apply information gained from shareholders and investors to the management of our businesses, with the aim of improving corporate and shareholder value always in mind. Personnel responsible for investor relations support management by supplying top management with opinions and suggestions gathered through communication with market participants, institutional investors and shareholders. Proactive Investor Relations Efforts to Promote Understanding of the Company Yamaha Corporation adheres to a disclosure policy that ensures fair and timely disclosure of information to institutional and individual investors around the world.In addition to holding quarterly results conferences for institutional investors in Japan, Yamaha conducts conferences and briefings for individual business segments as well as factory and facility tours on occasion. For institutional investors in other countries, along with making available English translations of all information provided to institutional investors in Japan, we visit investors overseas several times a year to foster mutual understanding through direct communication.For individual shareholders Yamaha runs a special benefit plan designed to encourage more shareholders to become active proponents of Yamaha's products and philosophy. Additionally, we utilize our website to provide corporate information in an easy-tounderstand format, distribute an e-mail magazine with important information, and are stepping up other activities, including Yamaha's active participation in events for individual shareholders. Through these initiatives, we work to enhance communication with investors, and use the results of feedback and other information gained to impro ve investor relations activities and management performance.Inclusion in Socially Responsible Investment Indexes Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) indexes and funds in Japan and other countries evaluate potential investments not only from a financial perspective, but from CSR environmental viewpoints as well. Yamaha Corporation continues to be listed in some of the world's most prominent SRI indexes, including the FTSE4Good Global Index (managed by Britain's FTSE), and the Morningstar Social Responsibility Index (MS-SRI). As one way of measuring financial soundness, each year Yamaha Corporation requests a long-term bond credit assessment from bond ratings agencies.The results are shown below. For the People We Work with Initiatives for Employees Basic Policy on Hiring and Employment Job-Tailored Training and Education Systematic Transmission of Skills Initiatives for a Better Work-Life Balance Assisting Women's Careers Measures to Prevent Harassment Occupational Health and Safet y Policy Administration Initiatives for Business Partners Fair Evaluation and Selection in Partner Relationships Survey of CSR Measures of Business Partners Basic Policy on Hiring and EmploymentThe Yamaha Group observes employment and labors laws in the countries where it does business and conducts appropriate labor management based on labor practices and labor-management relations. We respect human rights in hiring and employment and work to maintain fair hiring practices and provide employment opportunities to a diverse range of people. Utilizing the Senior Partner System Yamaha Corporation instituted an employment extension program in April 2004 called the Senior Partner System that provides willing employees with the opportunity to work beyond age 60, the normal retirement age.There were 195 people working under the system as of the end of March 2010. The system allows us to effectively utilize personnel with a wealth of operational knowledge, skills and experience, and it provi des financial benefits to employees past the normal retirement age. Younger employees also receive instruction and training through the system. We revised the application process and how benefits are structured in fiscal 2008 in order to facilitate more active use of the system. Group companies have also established similar programs in an effort to provide employment to people beyond the normal retirement age.Employing People with Disabilities Yamaha Corporation established a special subsidiary*1 in 1989, Yamaha Ai Works Co. , Ltd, to promote employment for people with disabilities and the development of conducive working conditions. An application was made in fiscal 2008 for Yamaha Business Support Corporation under the Group Application system*2 and the scope was expanded accordingly. *1 Subsidiaries recognized under the Act for Employment Promotion, etc. of Persons with Disabilities. Special subsidiaries must meet certain criteria in connection with the number and ratio of employ ees with disabilities.People with disabilities employed by such subsidiaries are counted as employees of the parent company when calculating its employment ratio. *2 A system under which the parent company of a special subsidiary may treat other related subsidiaries as a single unit when calculating employment ratios, etc. upon approval by the director of the public employment security office. Job-Tailored Training and Education Yamaha believes that creating a mutually beneficial relationship between the employee and the Company inspires motivation.Therefore, the Company works to create a system that is equally focused on education and training and career development. Each training program is tailored to a specific objective in one of the following categories:Strategic Personnel Development, Function-Specific Training,Stratified Training, and SelfDevelopment Education. The Strategic Personnel Development program includes the flagship Yamaha Global Institute, which aims to mold the p ersonnel who will be the backbone of the Company in the future, both in Japan and overseas.Another program designed to cultivate the next generation of core employees is the Yamaha Advanced Skill School, held at production facilities in Japan. The Function-Specific Training program trains employees in core technologies, Monozukuri Education seminars and international awareness. The Stratified Training program, meanwhile, provides training at career turning points, such as when an employee has been promoted or made a manager. Finally, in the Self-Development Education program, Yamaha provides support for employees' self-directed studies, including through the Yamaha Business School, a distance learning-based program.Yamaha also provides employees approaching the age of 50 opportunities and information to help them consider their individual life paths, and offers â€Å"Life Design Seminars† to support their future careers. Going forward, Yamaha will further strengthen its progr ams for providing each employee with the highly specialized job-specific training and education they need to perform at a higher level in fulfilling the Yamaha values of being customer-oriented and qualityconscious. Systematic Transmission of SkillsMany highly skilled employees in manufacturing positions have been reaching the retirement age in recent years. Moreover, over the next several years, around 100 employees a year will be leaving the production floor. Given this state of affairs, Yamaha Corporation has been conducting skill transmission initiatives to ensure that core production skills are faithfully passed down to younger workers. In order to develop a framework for skill transmission and personnel development, in 1996 we first registered the skills possessed by the Company using the Skill Registration System, which was created for that purpose.Registered skills are categorized and prioritized, and the data is used to make lists of essential skills and who possesses them and to design programs for their transmission. The From-To Program was created to aid in the transmission of especially important skills in a very practical way. Under the program skilled veterans pair up with younger workers on a man-to-man basis (sometimes in groups depending on the skill) and provide systematic training in order to pass down their skills. To date, around 150 sets of workers have completed training.Workers in their thirties and forties who received training when the program was initiated are now in the position of conveying their knowledge to younger workers and are doing their best to maintain and pass down their skills. In recent years, more and more employees in their teens and twenties who have only been with the Company for a short time are succeeding our veteran employees, so the program is also helping to foster a younger generation of employees who will support production activities in the years to come.We will continue to promote skill transmission initia tives and develop our personnel with the goal of being a world-leading manufacturer in our core field of sound and music. Initiatives for a Better Work-Life Balance The Yamaha Group considers cooperation between labor and management in achieving a better work-life balance to be fundamental to realizing corporate growth and a fuller life for all employees. Based on this philosophy, Yamaha Corporation has for many years worked on a range of initiatives to shorten total work hours and provide support for both work and family.In order to help employees combine work with caring for a family, Yamaha has made proactive efforts, including the introduction of child care and nursing care leave ahead of statutory requirements. In April 2006 Yamaha established the Work-Life Balance Committee to provide individual employees with support for both work and a fuller life outside of work, and to help them combine the two. Specific measures focused on reducing working hours and implementation and imp rovement of work/family support systems for the variety of circumstances encountered by employees. Basic Policy on Work-Life BalanceIn order to realize both expanded business activities and lifestyles that offer personal fulfillment, we will proactively promote work-life balance that respects a wide range of values and lifestyles. People can use the extra time created by increases in the quality and productivity of work in many different ways, and doing so leads to enhancement of overall quality of life and energize body and mind. This energy can provide the power for new value creation, and serves as a source for a continued good work, enhancement of corporate value, and the realization of a fulfilling life.We will work toward the creation of this type of virtuous cycle at Yamaha. Self-Directed and Highly Productive Work Styles (Reduced working hours) In an effort to prevent overwork, management and labor have jointly established and implemented guidelines for overtime, and encoura ged employees to utilize paid holidays, take special leave, and revise their work styles. We have established structures and conduct ongoing operational checks aimed at reducing the work hours of each employee, and allowing for a self-directed, highly productive work style.In fiscal 2007, we re-introduced a system allowing employees to take their accumulated paid vacation time all at once, which increased the average number of holidays taken by all employees during the year by two days. In fiscal 2008, we added an initiative that mandates at least one â€Å"No Overtime† day per week throughout the entire Company, in an effort to further reduce the number of hours worked. We have continued these efforts, including reducing overtime and holiday working hours, maintaining the â€Å"No Overtime† day, and prohibiting work past 10 p. . , and as a result, the total number of hours worked per employee in fiscal 2009 declined by 64. 4 hours year on year. A Dynamic Organization with Flexible Working Conditions(Building and improving work-life balance support systems responsive to the diverse circumstances of individual employees) In response to the enactment in 2003 of the Act for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation, Yamaha created a three-year action plan starting in fiscal 2005 and submitted it to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.Through consultations with labor, the Company established concrete goals for the three-year period, and began working to achieve its objectives, receiving Ministry recognition of its efforts in 2008. Yamaha also formulated a new five-year plan that began in fiscal 2008, and is working to achieve its objectives. As the first step, during the spring 2008 labor negotiations, management and labor reached an agreement on further expanding systems for a work-life balance.We extended the period of eligibility for shortened work hours for employees with small children, and established a scheme of shorten ed work hours for parents to participate in school events. We also implemented a program of shortened work hours for employees enrolled in adult self-development courses, as well as introduced an employee assistance program (EAP). Yamaha will continue to pursue measures to develop its corporate culture and implement programs responsive to the varied situation of individual employees, promoting the establishment of a friendlier work environment and seeking to create a truly dynamic organization.Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare mark recognizing Yamaha's support for the development of the next generation Principal Measures for Better Work-Life Balance (from fiscal 2005) Fiscal 2005 Revision of programs for childcare leave and shortened work hours for childcare Flexible work hours introduced for employees raising small children. Receipt of the Fiscal 2005 Family Friendly Company Award from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare The award recognized Yamaha's programs to provide broad support for work and family, and to create a friendlier work environment.Fiscal 2006 Extensive revision to employee benefit programs Lifestyle-related benefits were newly established or revised, providing expanded support to employees struggling with economic burdens arising from childcare, education, disability or nursing care. A wide range of membership-based welfare benefit services were also introduced. Fiscal 2007 Introduction of Company-wide vacation The Company has established a labor agreement stipulating three days per year when all workers take paid vacation, two days more than in the previous fiscal year.Fiscal 2008 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Recognition for Yamaha's support for the development of the next generation Extension of period of eligibility for shortened work hours for employees with small children Introduction of system for shorter work hours for parents to participate in school events Introduction of an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) Intro duction of a system for reemployment of spouses of employees on overseas assignment Childcare Leave for Male Employees Development Management Group Production Technology Department Digital Musical Instruments DivisionI took one month of childcare leave when my first child was born in 2007 and when my next was born in 2009. The company has been encouraging male employees to take childcare leave, and I got on board with the idea. I wanted it to be my wife and I who raised our children and did not want to depend on my parents. I also wanted to go on record as taking childcare leave because I believe that an increase in childcare leave for men would make it easier for people raising children to work, for both men and women.Taking this leave time, although shorter than the amount of childcare leave generally taken by women, allowed me to care for my children with my wife and gave me a real understanding of how hard it is, something I only had an abstract understanding of before. I also t hink I was able to partially share in how my wife was feeling, as she had to leave, albeit temporarily, a workplace where she was a key member. More and more male employees at our company are taking childcare leave, and I got the sense when I took time off for my second child that everyone's acceptance had progressed from the time I took the leave time for my first child.I think for future generations, it will be the norm for fathers to take the time to help raise their children like this. Balancing Work and Caring for a Loved One CP Production Management Section CP Business Department Automotive Component Division Yamaha Fine Technologies Co. , Ltd. My mother, who was full of life even in her eighties, was suddenly hospitalized last year and diagnosed with dementia. I currently care for her at home and use a nursing care facility during the day. At first I didn't now what to do at all. For about three months after she returned home from the hospital, I would be awakened in the midd le of the night and had many sleepless nights. I consulted a care manager referred to me by my boss, who had experience with nursing care. That very day, the care manager arranged for a special nursing care bed and wheelchair and gave me instructions on how to apply for longterm care certification. It was at that time that I realized how important it was to have someone you could consult with.After that, I reoriented myself to fully accepting my mother as she is now, and since that time her symptoms have been better. I have been blessed with understanding managers and an accommodating workplace, so I have been able to continue my job while caring for my mother. Of course, I prioritize my job. It is because of my job that I am able to provide nursing care for my mother while also supporting my family. And it is because of my situation that I have come to be attentive to my own health and the health of my family.In our house, my wife takes care of housework and childcare, and I take r esponsibility for caring for my mother. In the morning I wake my mother up and care for her by changing her clothes and feeding her. I then take her to a daytime care facility and head off to work. During the day I have the peace of mind to totally dedicate myself to my job. After returning home, I resume caring for my mother, and in the evening we all try to have dinner together as a family. An hour before going to bed, I make time to talk with my mother.We talk about her day at the care facility, memories from childhood and all sorts of other things. I believe that this is helping her recover. I have found that nursing care goes more smoothly when you don't think too hard on your own and find someone to consult with, and when you don't strain too hard and ease up on things when you can. Assisting Women's Careers The Yamaha Group holds the diversity of its employees in high regard, and aims to be a place where all employees can make the most of their abilities, regardless of their gender, nationality or other factors.Measures implemented in the past have resulted in nearly an equal average number of years of continuous employment for male and female employees at Yamaha Corporation, and the proportion of women returning to work after childcare leave is nearly 100%. Positive Action Projects Establishment of the Diversity Development Department Yamaha Corporation inaugurated the Positive Action Project in May 2004 by inviting employees to apply for a position on the project group.Over the course of a year, the project group examined the situation of women at Yamaha and other companies, held lectures and created an internal website in an effort to create a comfortable working environment and employment system for women. The results of the activities over the course of the year were compiled into a recommended action plan. In order to further accelerate support for women's careers, based on this action plan, in March 2006 Yamaha established the Diversity Planning Department as a dedicated organization within the Human Resources Division.The department is carrying out the following measures aimed at broadening opportunities for women to develop their abilities and play an active role, and creating a more comfortable working environment. Major Measures to Assist Women's Careers Proactive hiring of female employees Increase ratio of female new graduate hires, targeting 30% for the immediate future Securing outstanding human resources through hiring activities that include information about the active roles played by female employees and by creating a more comfortable working environment for women.Actively recruiting and increasing opportunities to develop the abilities of female employees Increasing recruitment of women for managerial positions Planning and implementing various training programs Creating working environments that are comfortable for women Responding to next-generation laws on gender equality in employment, childcare and nursing leave Implementing the Yamaha Action Plans Promoting the operation of a balanced support system and revision and creation of structuresChanging workplace awareness and fostering a corporate culture Providing information through an internal website Conducting educational activities through training, conferences, and pamphlets Promoting efforts in the Yamaha Group Promoting Action Plans to support the careers of women throughout the Yamaha Group The Yamaha Group seeks to create workplaces where every employee can perform to his or her fullest potential. In order to achieve this goal, we will build comfortable workplaces, create more opportunities for both women and men to succeed, and support them in every challenge they take on.Action Statement from the Yamaha Group’s Action Plan to Support Women's Careers Report on Women's Career Support Project Yamaha Travel Service Co. , Ltd. Members and associates of the Women's Career Support Project In April 2009, Yamaha Travel Service Co. , Ltd. launched a Women's Career Support Project. The team, led by and consisting entirely of women, worked on project activities for approximately ten months. The team focused their efforts on learning what kind of awareness women need to have active careers, and what kinds of obstacles they face.First, to get a better understanding of current conditions, the team conducted interviews with all employees. This not only helped to narrow the focus of the project, but also proved effective in generating more lively communication between employees. The team also held in-house lectures, attended seminars outside the company, and visited other companies. These activities enabled them to meet with a wide variety of people both inside and outside the company, and were a great source of inspiration. By February 2010, the team had compiled its final report, proposing new systems and activities.As a result of these proposals, we are now working on concrete steps to implement a program enco uraging employees to take their holiday time, improve the visibility of our employee evaluation system, and other measures. In the fall of 2009, Yamaha Travel Service Co. , Ltd. established a gender equality declaration, which was subsequently registered with Shizuoka Prefecture. Measures to Prevent Harassment The Yamaha Group Compliance Code of Conduct prohibits any language, behavior, or unfair discrimination that could be construed as sexual harassment or other impropriety.In an effort to prevent sexual harassment and other forms of harassment in the workplace, Yamaha has distributed the Code of Conduct to all employees, as well as clarifying and making all employees aware of the consequences for failure to comply with company rules and regulations. We also work to prevent harassment through workplace meetings and management training to better educate employees about the issues involved. We set up a counseling desk and helpline, and respond promptly in working to solve any proble ms that are brought up through these channels.In 2008, we revised our company rules and regulations, altering them to more concisely and unequivocally prohibit sexual and other forms of harassment. These revisions provided an opportunity to embark again on awareness-raising campaigns to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Going forward, we remain committed to establishing a work environment that enables employees to fully utilize their skills, regardless of gender. Occupational Health and Safety Policy Administration Based on its management charter, on September 1, 2009 the Yamaha Group established its Group Health and Safety Management Policy.This policy sets for the Yamaha Group’s basic philosophy regarding health and safety, recognizing that ensuring the health and safety of everyone involved in Yamaha's business activities constitutes the foundation of those activities, that all employees should work together to promote the formation of a healthy, safe, and comfor table working environment, while also maintaining our health and safety management standards with respect to our customers. Health and safety are fundamental conditions for leading a happy and rewarding life.Based on this philosophy, the Yamaha Group has formed an Industrial Safety and Health Committee, headed by the Director in Charge of Industrial Safety and Health, with membership comprising branch managers, area leaders, and the chairs of various subcommittees. This committee is charged with managing occupational health and safety, traffic safety, and activities to promote good health. Striving for Accident-Free Workplaces To ensure employee safety, the Yamaha Group not only has in place safety measures related to machinery and equipment, but also promotes programs to dentify and remove potential causes of accidents. For example, there is a set of routine confirmation motions and statements to ensure that all equipment is prepared properly, and a range of other activities design ed to avoid near-miss incidents. In fiscal 2008–2009, Yamaha Corporation’s headquarters and factories cooperated with specialists and worksite managers in conducting inspections based on the Occupational Health and Safety Work Standards Checklist*1, a tool designed to enhance work safety, making improvements with reference to the actual work being conducted.We also conducted training at each business site to stress the importance of occupational health and safety, targeting relatively inexperienced employees and recent transfers, as well as contracted and temporary employees at Yamaha Corporation. In fiscal 2010, as part of our efforts to reduce work-related risks, we rolled out our Risk Assessment Program*2, positioned it as a key priority for our domestic Group companies, and promoted it along with our other activities in this area. 1 Occupational Health and Safety Work Standards Checklist: A document listing critical points for performing each work procedure more sa fely, as well as the rationale behind each point. Particularly for production sites, this list is in place for every work procedure. *2 Risk Assessment Program: For each work procedure, factors including frequency, potential for injury, and degree of severity are assessed numerically. Activities then focus on reducing risk by making improvements in those areas with the highest numerical score.Ensuring Employee Health Viewing both periodic health checks and special screenings as an opportunity to improve lifestyle habits, ensure greater caution at work, and improve workplace environments and procedures, the Yamaha Group has worked proactively to promote prevention of a number of lifestyle and work-related conditions. In fiscal 2009, for example, we offered individualized health guidance to employees working with organic solvents, using a health interview sheet as part of a special screening.Workplace health training based on workplace ranking data collated from screening results can then be linked to enhancing worker awareness and improving workplace methods and conditions. To protect the health of all of our workers, smokers and non-smokers alike, in 2008 Yamaha Corporation established a resolution introducing a policy that will ban smoking on all Yamaha Corporation property, including the removal of all smoking areas, beginning April 1, 2011.In preparation for this move, in fiscal 2009 we began offering individual quitsmoking support, established smoke-free days once a month, sponsored no-smoking events, began plans to reduce the number of smoking areas, and promoted a variety of other anti-smoking activities. As a result, in ten years the percentage of smokers at Yamaha Corporation factories has fallen from 32. 3% (40. 1% for men) to 19. 7% (23. 1% for men).In fiscal 2010, we will continue this push with weekly smoke-free days, group health education and support for smokers trying to quit, as we work towards achieving a completely smoke-free environment. In addition, we are also initiating measures to prevent workers from smoking outside of the workplace, contributing to the health of not only our employees, but of our customers and the people in our communities. Concerning mental health initiatives, in fiscal 2009 we worked to raise awareness by including a self-assessment and lectures on workplace stress in our employees' regularly scheduled health checkups.We also worked to further enhance mental health care by providing internal training for production-line workers, individual services from our own industrial physician and counselors, a mental health counseling desk staffed by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, and counseling provided by outside institutions through our Employee Assistance Program (EAP). In addition, we continued our efforts on both a Company-wide and individual business site level to encourage a self-help approach to promoting good health, including the Walk for Health, the Indiaca Tournament, and other eve nts.Fair Evaluation and Selection